![]() ![]() Many of its physical properties resemble those of water. Hydrogen peroxide is a unique and most important covalent peroxide. Annamalai, in Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering, 2016 3.4.1 Hydrogen peroxide Finally, hydrogen peroxide is also used for bleaching human hair. In relatively small concentrations, it can also be used as a disinfecting chemical in swimming pools. The use of hydrogen peroxide in environmental applications has grown tremendously, particularly in waste-water purification and in the purification of cyanide-containing waste-water from galvanization lines. It is also used as a cleaning and etching chemical and, in ultra-pure form in the production of semi-conductor chips. ![]() In the field of organic chemistry, hydrogen peroxide is used in epoxidation reactions, oxidation reactions, and as an initiator of polymerization reactions. In the chemical industry, hydrogen peroxide is used in the production of peroxide substances, such as sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate and percarboxylic acid. Cellulose, in the wood and paper industry, is another example of bleaching with hydrogen peroxide. In the textile industry, hydrogen peroxide is used in the bleaching of cotton, linen, polyester, and polyurethane fibers. Consequently, there has been an increase in the industrial use of hydrogen peroxide over the past 15 years. For this reason, its valuable oxidizing properties are also advantageous from an environmental point of view. It is such an attractive oxidizing chemical because its reaction products are oxygen and water. Hydrogen peroxide is used in a large number of applications such as bleaching, disinfecting, and oxidation processes. KIEKENS, in Analytical Electrochemistry in Textiles, 2005 Publisher Summary The sample could be, for instance, heme components, which effectively catalyze the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide is transported by a liquid flow toward the chemiluminescent reagent and during this time is partially decomposed by the sample molecules, which act as a catalyst. In indirect ECL methods, hydrogen peroxide is generated electrolytically at a negatively biased glassy carbon or gold electrode and detected through the chemiluminescence of, e.g., luminol. Light with the typical emission spectrum of terbium(III) is emitted from the surface of the electrode in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. A direct ECL method is based on the use of tantalum or zirconium electrodes covered with a terbium(III)-doped oxide layer. Hydrogen peroxide is produced in various enzymatic reactions, and its determination is the basis for a number of assay methods. Kankare, in Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering, 2013 Hydrogen Peroxide ![]() Issues concerning hydrogen peroxide used in higher concentrations in tooth-whitening products are discussed below. However, it does not cause any in vivo genotoxicity as metabolizing enzymes have the ability to reduce or eliminate the genotoxic effects of hydrogen peroxide ( Li, 1996).Īnimal studies have shown that long-term exposure to hydrogen peroxide has dose-dependent tumorigenic effects on the gastrointestinal tract ( Ito et al., 1981).Īlthough side effects such as lingual papilla enlargement associated with long-term use of hydrogen peroxide mouthwashes have been reported, the use of low-concentration hydrogen peroxide mouthwashes is considered to be relatively safe ( Walsh, 2000). In vitro genotoxic potential of hydrogen peroxide on bacteria and cultured cells has been demonstrated when the material comes into direct contact with living organisms. It can also have mechanical cleansing action as it produces oxygen bubbles when it comes into contact with tissues and debris. Hydrogen peroxide is an oxidizing agent incorporated into some mouthwashes (1.5%) which are recommended for short-term use to eradicate anaerobic bacteria found in conditions such as necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis or periodontitis. Moharamzadeh, in Biocompatibility of Dental Biomaterials, 2017 8.4.1.9 Hydrogen peroxide
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